Publications

@techreport{ong2020bfb,

title = {Screening Method and Map for Evaluating Transportation Access Disparities and Other Built Environment-Related Determinants of Health},

author = {Paul M Ong and Chhandara Pech and Justine Pascual and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Jonathan Ong and Gregory Pierce and Madeline Brozen},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/CARB_Final-Report_18RD021_3.7.22.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-07},

urldate = {2022-03-07},

keywords = {built environment, disparity, inequality, transportation, transportation analytics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bfbb,

title = {Patterns of Corporate Ownership of Single Family Home Rentals: San Joaquin County},

author = {Paul M Ong and Anne Yoon and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/SanJoaquin_SFR_Final.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-28},

urldate = {2022-02-28},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, housing, inequality, san joaquin county, stockton},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2021bb,

title = {Evaluating 2020 Census Data for Los Angeles County, California: Comparison with Parcel-Based Housing Counts},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Final_Parcel_Based_Evaluation_PL94_V01.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

keywords = {census, census2020, housing, inequality, los angeles, population},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bg,

title = {Asian American Businesses: The Impacts of Anti-Asian Racism, 2021 },

author = {Alycia Cheng and Jonathan Ong and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CNK-AASC-ABA_Survey-Brief_2021-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

urldate = {2021-11-08},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, COVID Publication, COVID-19, discrimination, economic, inequality, jobs, racism, small businesses, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bf,

title = {Keeping the Stove On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt },

author = {Paul M Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Kelly Trumbull and Gregory Pierce},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Gas-Covid-Utility-Brief-V5.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, inequality, utility debt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Assessing the Incorporation of Racial Equity into Analytical and Modeling Practices in Transportation Planning },

author = {Paul M Ong and Chelsey Bryant and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Mark Garrett and Jared Tadayon and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Assessing-the-Incorporation-of-Racial-Equity-into-Analytical-and-Modeling-Practices-in-Transportation-Planning.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

keywords = {california, inequality, transportation, transportation analytics, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bd,

title = {Asian American Businesses: Identifying Gaps and Supporting Recovery 2021},

author = {Alycia Cheng and Jonathan Ong and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ABA_Survey_Brief_Recovery21.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, COVID Publication, COVID-19, discrimination, economic, inequality, jobs, racism, small businesses, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2021bb,

title = {Potential Differential Undercount in 2020 Census Redistricting Data: Los Angeles County, California},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Potential-Differential-Undercount-in-LA-2020-Census.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-18},

keywords = {census, census2020, inequality, los angeles, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020b,

title = {Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt},

author = {Paul M Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Kelly Trumbull and Gregory Pierce },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/COVID-19-Utility-Debt-in-Communities-Served-by-PGE.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-30},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, inequality, utility debt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bgbb,

title = {Mobility, Accessibility and Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Assessing Diversity in Transportation-Related Needs and Opportunities},

author = {Paul M Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tiffany Green and Nataly Rios},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ca21-3431-finalreport-a11y.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

urldate = {2021-06-01},

keywords = {california, inequality, los angeles, san joaquin county, spatial-transportation mismatch, transportation, transportation analytics, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020b,

title = {COVID-19 Death and Vaccination Rates for Latinos in New York City },

author = {Paul M Ong and Lauren Harper and Nataly Rios Gutierrez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LPPI_NYC-Vaccine-Brief_Final.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-18},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, inequality, Latinos, New York, NYC},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020_30,

title = {Keeping the Lights and Water On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt in Los Angeles’ Communities of Color  },

author = {Silvia R. Gonzalez and Paul M. Ong and Gregory Pierce and Ariana Hernandez },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Keeping-the-Lights-and-Water-On.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-03},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, ethnic enclaves, food insecurity, housing, inequality, los angeles, minority},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020_29,

title = {Crisis to Impact: Reflecting on a Decade of Housing Counseling Services in Asian American and Pacific Islander Communities },

author = {Chhandara Pech and Melany De La Cruz-Viesca and Caroline Calderon and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NAPACD-REPORT.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-17},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, census2020, COVID Publication, covid19, economic, housing, inequality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbcb,

title = {Saving Black Home Ownership: Just and Fair Pandemic Relief and Recovery },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tracey Beltran and Lori R. Gay},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Saving_Black_Homeownership_CNK_3_4_2021.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-04},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, economic, inequality, minority, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbc,

title = {Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds: In California’s Congressional Districts },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas and Kassandra Hernandez and Jonathan Ong and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LPPI_PPP-Congressional-Analysis-Report_03.03.21.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-03},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, economic, inequality, jobs, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbb,

title = {Vulnerability Indicators and At-Risk Smaller Populations in California and Los Angeles: American Indians, Pacific Islanders, and Select Asian Ethnic Groups},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/CNK-Small-Groups-and-Vulnerabilities-v03.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-08},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, minority, public health, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ubc,

title = {Assessing Vulnerability Indicators and Race/Ethnicity },

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Assessing-Vulnerabilities-V2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-18},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, minority, public health, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ubb,

title = {Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and Kassandra Hernandez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/PPP-Neighborhood-Analysis-Report_10.13.2020.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-17},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, ethnic enclaves, inequality, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ub,

title = {COVID-19 and the Digital Divide in Virtual Learning, Fall 2020},

author = {Paul M. Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Digital-Divide-Phase2_brief_release_v01.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-09},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, educational attainment, inequality, minority, technology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020u,

title = {Unequal Access to Remote Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {Rosalie Ray and Paul M. Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/RemoteWork_v02.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-23},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, jobs, remote work, technical report, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020x,

title = {COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators: California Data for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Nataly Rios Gutierrez and Vickie M. Mays},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CNK_CA_COVID19_Medical_Vulnerability_11_23_20_Final.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-23},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, Medical Vulnerability, public health, vulnerability index, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020cd,

title = {Inequality and COVID-19 Food Insecurity },

author = {Tom Larson and Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and James H. People Jr.},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Inequality-COVID-19-Food-Insecurity.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-11},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, food insecurity, inequality, minority},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020cc,

title = {COVID-19 Impacts on Minority Businesses and Systemic Inequality },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Andre Comandon and Nicholas DiRago and Lauren Harper},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COVID-Impacts-on-Minority-Business.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-30},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, ethnic enclaves, inequality, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020cb,

title = {COVID-19 and the Digital Divide in Virtual Learning},

author = {James H. People Jr. and Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and Tom Larson},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Digital-Divide-v04_Pre_Final.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-28},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, educational attainment, inequality, minority, online, technology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ec,

title = {Inequality and COVID-19 Job Displacement},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and Tom Larson and James H. People Jr.},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COVID_Job_Displacement_brief.pdf

},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-09},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, labor, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020eb,

title = {Systemic Racial Inequality and the COVID-19 Homeowner Crisis},

author = {Karna Wong and Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez},

url = {https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/documents/areas/ctr/ziman/Systemic-Racial-Inequality-and-COVID-19-Homeowner-Crisis_Wong_Ong_Gonzalez.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-27},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, housing, inequality, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020h,

title = {Struggling to Stay Home: How COVID19 Shelter in Place Policies Affect Los Angeles County's Black and Latino Neighborhoods},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and Sonja Diaz and Jonathan Ong and Elena Ong and Julie Aguilar},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/LPPI-CNK-3-Shelter-in-Place.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-20},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, los angeles, neighborhoods, shelter in place},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Akee2020,

title = {US Census Response Rates on American Indian Reservations in the 2020 Census and in the 2010 Census},

author = {Randall Akee and Paul M. Ong and Desi Rodriguez-Lonebear},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/US-Census-Response-Rates-on-American-Indian-Reservationss-051520.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-15},

keywords = {american indian, census2020, COVID Publication, covid19, inequality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Mar2020,

title = {At-Risk Workers of Covid-19 by Neighborhood in the San Francisco Bay Area},

author = {Don Mar and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Covid-19SFBayArea.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-14},

keywords = {bay area, COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020j,

title = {Census 2020 Response Rate Falling Behind},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Elena Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dKGowtW3iS21C9HS5ECKkPsefGxNG3pr/view},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-29},

keywords = {census, COVID Publication, covid19, inequality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020f,

title = {Neighborhood Inequality in Shelter-in-Place Burden: Impacts of COVID-19 in Los Angeles},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Jonathan Ong and Elena Ong and Andrés Carrasquillo},

url = {https://ucla.app.box.com/s/ihyb5sfqbgjrkp8jvmwiwv7bsb0u83c4},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-22},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, los angeles, neighborhoods, shelter in place},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020,

title = {Implications of COVID-19 on at risk workers by neighborhood in Los Angeles},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Carla Vasquez-Noriega},

url = {http://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/LPPI-Implications-from-COVID-19-res2-1.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-01},

institution = {UCLA Latino Policy and Politics Initiative},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, labor, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2019,

title = {Sweeping in Change: November 2019 South Florida Janitors Unite for Responsibility in the Commercial Real Estate Industry},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Silvia R. Gonzalez},

url = {http://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sweeping-in-Change_Justice-for-Janitors-Report.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-03},

abstract = {This report situates the experiences of office janitors within South Florida’s real estate market, primarily Miami. The report analyses statistics published by sources such as the Bureau of Labor Studies, the U.S. Census, and various real estate industry reports, as well as SEIU 32BJ’s own survey data of South Florida’s commercial office market.},

keywords = {inequality, janitors, labor},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{WideningDivide,

title = {The Widening Divide Revisted: Economic Inequality in Los Angeles},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and C. Aujean Lee and Rosalie Ray},

url = {http://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Haynes-Report_WideningDivide_Ong_UCLA_1.3.2017.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-03},

abstract = {This report summarizes key findings from the UCLA project, “The Widening Divide Revisited: Income and Earnings Inequality in Los Angeles at the Turn of the 21st Century.” This research builds upon and extends the previous work of Ong et al. (1989), “The Widening Divide: Income Inequality and Poverty in Los Angeles,” which was the first major study focusing on economic inequality in Los Angeles County. The project is guided by the emerging literature on growing economic disparities in America; by the recognition of a paucity of studies on this topic for Los Angeles; and by the need to promote greater awareness of this issue to inform decision-making. To better understand these issues, we provide an overview of household income, earnings, and wealth inequality; uneven labor market outcomes; disparities among immigrant workers; the impacts of inequality on consumption; and spatial patterns of inequality.



Our report highlights the growing economic disparity in Los Angeles that has become worse than the national average for income and wealth. Economic inequality in Los Angeles is driven by an expanding population at the bottom of the income and wealth distributions together with a growing share held by those at the top. Much of the inequality we observe is due to disparities in earnings. However, this inequality is varied among workers, where it is substantially more pronounced for immigrants than for those who are native-born. Patterns of economic inequality are also reflected in the unequal geographic distribution of income and wealth, including the spatial segregation and concentration of the poor. A greater understanding of these trends can inform policy makers, the media, and the public alike about the magnitude, nature, pattern, consequences, and causes of economic inequality in Los Angeles. We hope that this knowledge can in turn aid efforts to develop policies that address this increasingly daunting socioeconomic challenge.},

keywords = {housing, inequality, technical report},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{1992Revisited,

title = {1992 Revisited},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Alycia Cheng and Chhandara Pech and Silvia R. Gonzalez},

url = {http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/news/1992_Revisited_CNK.pdf},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-04-27},

keywords = {inequality, South Los Angeles, technical report},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}