Publications

@techreport{nokey,

title = {ICE Arrests in California and Texas: Polarized Politics and Outcomes},

author = {Paul Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/UCLA_CNK_ICE_Arrests_CA_TX_Sept2025.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-24},

urldate = {2025-09-24},

abstract = {A comparative analysis of ICE arrests in California and Texas shows starkly different outcomes. Despite California having more potential targets, arrest rates in Texas were three to four times higher, driven by state cooperation with ICE and partisan politics.},

keywords = {california, enforcement, ICE, ICE arrests, immigration, texas},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {ICE Detention of Asians: Increased Numbers and Hardships Under Trump},

author = {Paul Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/UCLA_CNK_AASC_ICE_Detention_Asians_Sept2025.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-24},

urldate = {2025-09-24},

abstract = {This brief highlights how Asian ICE detentions more than tripled under Trump, with rising hardships among detainees. Findings underscore the human toll of aggressive deportation policies.},

keywords = {asian, enforcement, ICE, ICE arrests, immigration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {State Variations in ICE Arrests Following the 2024 Election},

author = {Paul Ong and Jonathan Ong and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/UCLA_CNK_State_Variations_in_ICE_Arrests_July2025.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-30},

urldate = {2025-07-30},

abstract = {This brief examines why ICE arrest rates varied so dramatically across U.S. states in early 2025. The findings reveal that states with stronger support for the 2024 Trump campaign and larger proportions of Latino non-citizens experienced significantly higher arrest rates. These patterns suggest disproportionate impacts along ethnic lines, raising concerns about political and racial bias in immigration enforcement.},

keywords = {enforcement, ICE, ICE arrests, immigration, racial bias},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {ICE Arrests of Asians Tripled from 2024 to 2025},

author = {Paul Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/UCLA_CNK_AASC_ICE_Arrests_Asians_July2025.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-29},

urldate = {2025-07-29},

abstract = {ICE arrests of Asians nearly tripled from 2024 to 2025. Produced jointly with UCLA AASC, this brief documents disproportionate impacts on Asian communities, raising concerns about racial bias in enforcement.},

keywords = {asian, enforcement, ICE, ICE arrests, immigration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Racial Segregation in Pasadena: The Role of Freeway Development and Institutional Mechanisms},

author = {Paul Ong and Chhandara Pech and Casey Chung and Jacob L. Wasserman },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Racial-Segregation-in-Pasadena.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-01},

urldate = {2025-05-01},

abstract = {This study examines historical and contemporary patterns of racial/ethnic segregation in Pasadena, focusing on the impacts of freeway construction and related policies. Using quantitative data, it compares Pasadena with Los Angeles County and analyzes demographic shifts around I-210 and SR-710. Findings show that freeway development and urban renewal displaced communities of color, deepened segregation, and reinforced economic polarization. Despite these barriers, residents of color organized resistance and pursued legal remedies, leaving a legacy that continues to shape inequality today.},

keywords = {displacement, freeways, I-210, Los Angeles County, neighborhoods, Pasadena, racial inequality, redlining, segregation, SR-710, transportation, urban renewal},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Further Implications of Freeway Siting in California: Freeway Development and Communities of Color in Colton, Fresno, and San Diego},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Jacob L. Wasserman and Andres F. Ramirez and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Leila Ullmann and Megan Riley},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/eScholarship-UC-item-0b31t9sf-1-1.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-01},

abstract = {This study examines the consequences of freeway construction on neighborhoods of color across California, with a focus on socioeconomic changes, route selection, community reactions and resistance, and the disruptions to residents, businesses, and other assets. Expanding on three prior case studies conducted by the research team, this study incorporates three additional case studies: South Colton, West Fresno, and City Heights in San Diego. The construction of freeways was a contributing mechanism to the perpetuation of racial inequality, weakening social institutions, disrupting local economies, and physically dividing neighborhoods. However, the outcomes varied across locations. In South Colton, a freeway was ultimately not built through its community of color, though largely for reasons of construction costs. City Heights, initially a predominantly non-Hispanic white neighborhood, underwent a demographic transformation driven by white flight during a decades-long pause in freeway construction. West Fresno did face consequences from freeway development but was also unique in its diversity of residents pre-freeway, including people of color and non-Hispanic white immigrant communities. Freeway development contributed to transforming West Fresno into an overwhelming community of color. Across these cases, freeways fragmented communities, displaced residents, and reinforced pre-existing racial divides. These racialized impacts stemmed from systemic socioeconomic marginalization and exclusion of people of color in the planning process. Today, public investments aimed at reconnecting communities offer an opportunity to address the enduring harms caused by freeways. However, achieving meaningful progress will require the integration of restorative justice principles into the planning and decision-making processes.},

keywords = {demographics, equity, neighborhoods, transportation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Majano2023b,

title = {Business as Usual: Entrepreneurs of Color in Arizona Face Challenges in Climate Change and Sustainability in a Post-COVID Economy},

author = {Rosario Isabel Majano and Julia Silver and Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and Jennifer Uribe and Julia Hernandez Nierenberg and Juan Carlos Ruiz Malagon and Sonja M. Diaz},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/UCLA-LPPI-Business-as-Usual-AZ.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-06},

urldate = {2023-12-06},

keywords = {economic, equity, ethnicity, labor, latinos, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Business as Usual: Entrepreneurs of Color in Texas Face Challenges in Technology, Climate Change, and Sustainability in a Post-COVID Economy},

author = {Rosario Isabel Majano and Julia Silver and Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and Jennifer Uribe and Julia Hernandez Nierenberg and Juan Carlos Ruiz Malagon and Sonja M. Diaz},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/UCLA-LPPI-Business-as-Usual-TX.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-14},

keywords = {COVID-19, disparity, economic, environment, equity, ethnicity, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Majano2023,

title = {Business as Usual: Entrepreneurs of Color in California Face Challenges in Technology, Climate Change, and Sustainability in a Post-COVID Economy},

author = {Rosario Isabel Majano and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Julia Silver and Paul M. Ong and Julia Hernandez Nierenberg and Chhandara Pech and Jennifer Uribe and Juan Carlos Ruiz Malagon and Sonja M. Diaz},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/UCLA-LPPI-Business-as-Usual-CA-4.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-02},

urldate = {2023-11-02},

keywords = {california, COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, equity, ethnicity, jobs, labor, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2023,

title = {Stockton's Crosstown Freeway, Urban Renewal, and Asian Americans: Systemic Causes and Impacts},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Christopher Hung-Do and Anne Yoon and Jacob L. Wasserman},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Stocktons-Crosstown-Freeway-Urban-Renewal-and-Asian-Americans.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, built environment, california, ethnic enclaves, ethnicity, stockton, transportation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Loukaitou-Sideris2023,

title = {The Implications of Freeway Sitting in California: Four Case Studies on the Effects of Freeways on Neighborhoods of Color},

author = {Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Susan L. Handy and Paul M. Ong and Jesus M. Barajas and Jacob L. Wasserman and Chhandara Pech and Juan Carlos Garcia Sanchez and Andres F. Ramirez and Aakansha Jain and Emmanuel Proussaloglou and Andrea Nguyen and Katherine Turner and Abigail Fitzgibbon and Francois Kaeppelin and Felipe Ramirez and Marc Arenas},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/The-Implications-of-Freeway-Siting-in-California.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-01},

urldate = {2023-03-01},

keywords = {built environment, california, environment, ethnic enclaves, ethnicity, minority, neighborhoods, transportation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2022,

title = {The Spatial Dilemma of Sustainable Transportation and Just Affordable Housing: Part I, Housing Choice Vouchers},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tiffany Green and Allie Padgett and Anne Yoon and Jacob L. Wasserman},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Spatial-Dilemma-of-Sustainable-Transportation-and-Just-Affordable-Housing-Part-I.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-13},

urldate = {2022-09-13},

keywords = {affordable housing, equity, housing, housing choice voucher, low-income, section 8, transportation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2022b,

title = {The Spatial Dilemma of Sustainable Transportation and Just Affordable Housing: Part II, Low-income Housing Tax Credits},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tiffany Green and Allie Padgett and Anne Yoon and Jacob L. Wasserman},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Spatial-Dilemma-of-Sustainable-Transportation-and-Just-Affordable-Housing-Part-II.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-13},

keywords = {affordable housing, equity, housing, housing tax credits, low-income, transportation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bgb,

title = {Housing Insecurity Persists for Renters of Color Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {Paul M Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Paula Nazario},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Housing_Insecurity_COVID_Report.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

urldate = {2022-04-08},

keywords = {california, COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, ethnicity, housing, low-income, race, rent assistance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bfb,

title = {Screening Method and Map for Evaluating Transportation Access Disparities and Other Built Environment-Related Determinants of Health},

author = {Paul M Ong and Chhandara Pech and Justine Pascual and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Jonathan Ong and Gregory Pierce and Madeline Brozen},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/CARB_Final-Report_18RD021_3.7.22.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-07},

urldate = {2022-03-07},

keywords = {built environment, disparity, inequality, transportation, transportation analytics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bfbb,

title = {Patterns of Corporate Ownership of Single Family Home Rentals: San Joaquin County},

author = {Paul M Ong and Anne Yoon and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/SanJoaquin_SFR_Final.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-28},

urldate = {2022-02-28},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, housing, inequality, san joaquin county, stockton},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2021bb,

title = {Evaluating 2020 Census Data for Los Angeles County, California: Comparison with Parcel-Based Housing Counts},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Final_Parcel_Based_Evaluation_PL94_V01.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

keywords = {census, census2020, housing, inequality, los angeles, population},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bg,

title = {Asian American Businesses: The Impacts of Anti-Asian Racism, 2021 },

author = {Alycia Cheng and Jonathan Ong and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CNK-AASC-ABA_Survey-Brief_2021-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-08},

urldate = {2021-11-08},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, COVID Publication, COVID-19, discrimination, economic, inequality, jobs, racism, small businesses, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bf,

title = {Keeping the Stove On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt },

author = {Paul M Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Kelly Trumbull and Gregory Pierce},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Gas-Covid-Utility-Brief-V5.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, inequality, utility debt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Assessing the Incorporation of Racial Equity into Analytical and Modeling Practices in Transportation Planning },

author = {Paul M Ong and Chelsey Bryant and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Mark Garrett and Jared Tadayon and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Assessing-the-Incorporation-of-Racial-Equity-into-Analytical-and-Modeling-Practices-in-Transportation-Planning.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

keywords = {california, inequality, transportation, transportation analytics, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bd,

title = {Asian American Businesses: Identifying Gaps and Supporting Recovery 2021},

author = {Alycia Cheng and Jonathan Ong and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ABA_Survey_Brief_Recovery21.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, COVID Publication, COVID-19, discrimination, economic, inequality, jobs, racism, small businesses, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Bhusal2021,

title = {Green & Rooted: Resisting Displacement and Climate Change in Pacoima & Sun Valley},

author = {Samikchhya Bhusal and Laura Daza Garcia and Khristian Decastro and Sarah Diekroeger and Bertha Calderón Chiñas and Talia Coutin and Jorge Gamboa and Alejandro González and Lauren Hiller and Eleanor Hunts and Sasha Ragland and Cindy Reyes and Tayler Ward and Charlotte Will},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2021-Comp-Project-Summary-Report-8.20.2021.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-20},

keywords = {anti-displacement, climate change, environment, housing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2021bb,

title = {Potential Differential Undercount in 2020 Census Redistricting Data: Los Angeles County, California},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Potential-Differential-Undercount-in-LA-2020-Census.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-18},

keywords = {census, census2020, inequality, los angeles, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bd,

title = {LENS: HIV Prevalence and COVID-19 Vulnerabilities: A Data Mapping Tool},

author = {Megan Potter and Ayako Miyashita Ochoa and Luisita Cordero and Paul M Ong and Ian Holloway and Elizabeth Wu},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CNK-HIV-BRIEF-FINAL.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-08},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, HIV, public health, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020b,

title = {Keeping the Lights and Heat On: COVID-19 Utility Debt},

author = {Paul M Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Kelly Trumbull and Gregory Pierce },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/COVID-19-Utility-Debt-in-Communities-Served-by-PGE.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-30},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, inequality, utility debt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020bgbb,

title = {Mobility, Accessibility and Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Assessing Diversity in Transportation-Related Needs and Opportunities},

author = {Paul M Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tiffany Green and Nataly Rios},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ca21-3431-finalreport-a11y.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

urldate = {2021-06-01},

keywords = {california, inequality, los angeles, san joaquin county, spatial-transportation mismatch, transportation, transportation analytics, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020b,

title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic Housing Crisis: Identifying Owner-Vulnerable Neighborhoods in California},

author = {Paul M Ong and Chhandara Pech },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/UCLA_CNK_OVI_v06.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-20},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, housing, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020b,

title = {COVID-19 Death and Vaccination Rates for Latinos in New York City },

author = {Paul M Ong and Lauren Harper and Nataly Rios Gutierrez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LPPI_NYC-Vaccine-Brief_Final.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-18},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, inequality, latinos, New York, NYC},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020_30,

title = {Keeping the Lights and Water On: COVID-19 and Utility Debt in Los Angeles’ Communities of Color  },

author = {Silvia R. Gonzalez and Paul M. Ong and Gregory Pierce and Ariana Hernandez },

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Keeping-the-Lights-and-Water-On.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-03},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, ethnic enclaves, food insecurity, housing, inequality, los angeles, minority},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020_29,

title = {Crisis to Impact: Reflecting on a Decade of Housing Counseling Services in Asian American and Pacific Islander Communities },

author = {Chhandara Pech and Melany De La Cruz-Viesca and Caroline Calderon and Paul M Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NAPACD-REPORT.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-17},

keywords = {aapi, Asian Americans, census2020, COVID Publication, covid19, economic, housing, inequality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbcb,

title = {Saving Black Home Ownership: Just and Fair Pandemic Relief and Recovery },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Tracey Beltran and Lori R. Gay},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Saving_Black_Homeownership_CNK_3_4_2021.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-04},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, economic, inequality, minority, neighborhoods},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbc,

title = {Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds: In California’s Congressional Districts },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas and Kassandra Hernandez and Jonathan Ong and Chhandara Pech},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LPPI_PPP-Congressional-Analysis-Report_03.03.21.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-03},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, economic, inequality, jobs, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccbb,

title = {Vulnerability Indicators and At-Risk Smaller Populations in California and Los Angeles: American Indians, Pacific Islanders, and Select Asian Ethnic Groups},

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/CNK-Small-Groups-and-Vulnerabilities-v03.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-08},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, minority, public health, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ubc,

title = {Assessing Vulnerability Indicators and Race/Ethnicity },

author = {Paul M Ong and Jonathan Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Assessing-Vulnerabilities-V2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-18},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, minority, public health, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ubb,

title = {Disparities in the Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program Funds },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Chhandara Pech and Kassandra Hernandez and Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/PPP-Neighborhood-Analysis-Report_10.13.2020.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-17},

keywords = {COVID Publication, COVID-19, economic, ethnic enclaves, inequality, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ub,

title = {COVID-19 and the Digital Divide in Virtual Learning, Fall 2020},

author = {Paul M. Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Digital-Divide-Phase2_brief_release_v01.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-09},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, educational attainment, inequality, minority, technology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020u,

title = {Unequal Access to Remote Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {Rosalie Ray and Paul M. Ong},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/RemoteWork_v02.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-23},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, jobs, remote work, technical report, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020x,

title = {COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators: California Data for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Nataly Rios Gutierrez and Vickie M. Mays},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CNK_CA_COVID19_Medical_Vulnerability_11_23_20_Final.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-23},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health, health policy, inequality, Medical Vulnerability, public health, vulnerability index, vulnerable communities},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ccb,

title = {Los Angeles Neighborhoods and COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Nataly Rios Gutierrez and Vickie M. Mays},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Los-Angeles-Neighborhoods-and-COVID-19-Medical-Vulnerability-Indicators_-A-Local-Data-Model-for-Equity-in-Public-Health-Decision-Making.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-19},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, health policy, los angeles, public health, research},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020cd,

title = {Inequality and COVID-19 Food Insecurity },

author = {Tom Larson and Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and James H. People Jr.},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Inequality-COVID-19-Food-Insecurity.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-11},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, food insecurity, inequality, minority},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020v,

title = {PPP Statewide Statistics},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Silvia R. Gonzalez and Victor Tran},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Technical-Brief-1-PPP-Statewide-Statistics-11.06.2020.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-06},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, ppp, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020cc,

title = {COVID-19 Impacts on Minority Businesses and Systemic Inequality },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Andre Comandon and Nicholas DiRago and Lauren Harper},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COVID-Impacts-on-Minority-Business.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-30},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, ethnic enclaves, inequality, minority, small businesses},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020cb,

title = {COVID-19 and the Digital Divide in Virtual Learning},

author = {James H. People Jr. and Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and Tom Larson},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Digital-Divide-v04_Pre_Final.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-28},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, educational attainment, inequality, minority, online, technology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ong2020id,

title = {California Neighborhoods and COVID-19 Vulnerabilities },

author = {Paul M. Ong and Chhandara Pech and Megan Potter},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CA_Covid_Vulnerabilities_UCOP_v03.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, los angeles, neighborhoods, vulnerability index},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{ong2020ec,

title = {Inequality and COVID-19 Job Displacement},

author = {Paul M. Ong and Don Mar and Tom Larson and James H. People Jr.},

url = {https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COVID_Job_Displacement_brief.pdf

},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-09},

keywords = {COVID Publication, covid19, inequality, labor, unemployment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}